The GOSPEL TRUTH

THE

ATONEMENT IN CHRIST

 By

JOHN MILEY, D.D.

 

PROFESSOR OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY IN DREW THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, MADISON, N. J.

1881.

__________________________________.

2 Cor. v, 19.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER I:

INTRODUCTION.
1. Scope of the Subject.

2. Broader Scope in Calvinism.

3. Narrower Scope in Arminianism.

4. No Fact of Soteriology Neglected.

5. Treatment under Offices of Christ.

6. Distinction of Fact and Doctrine.

7. Question of Fact the more Vital.

8. Specially a Question of Revelation.

9. The Doctrine must Interpret Scripture.

10. Its Scientific Relation to Theology.

11. Definition of Atonement.

CHAPTER II: REALITY OF ATONEMENT.

I. WITNESSING FACTS.
1. A Message of Salvation.

2. The Salvation in Christ.

3. Salvation in his Suffering.

4. His redeeming Death Necessary.

5. Only Explanation of His Suffering.

6. Necessity of Faith to Salvation.

7. Christ a Unique Saviour.

II. WITNESSING TERMS.

1. Atonement.

2. Reconciliation.

3. Propitiation.

4. Redemption.

5. Substitution.

III. PRIESTHOOD AND SACRIFICE.

1. The Priesthood of Christ.

2. His Sacrificial Office.

3. Himself a Sacrifice for Sin.

4. Typical Sacrifices.

5. Priestly Intercession in Heaven.

CHAPTER III: NECESSITY FOR ATONEMENT.

1. Limitation of the Question.

2. The Necessity a truth of Scripture.

3. Proof in the Mode of Mediation.

I. NECESSITY IN MORAL GOVERNMENT.

1. None without such Ground.

2. Fact of a Moral Government.

II. REQUISITES OF MORAL GOVERNMENT.

1. Adjustment to Subjects.

2. Specially for Man.

(i) A Law of Duty.

(ii) The Sanction of Rewards.

3. Divine Apportionment of Rewards.

III. MEASURE OF PENALTY.

1. No Arbitrary Appointment.

2. Determining Laws:

(i) The Demerit of Sin.

(ii) The Rectoral Function of Penalty.

IV. NECESSITY FOR PENALTY.

1. From its Rectoral Office.

2. From the Divine Holiness.

3. From the Divine Goodness.

4. A Real Necessity for Atonement.

5. Nature, of the Atonement Indicated.

CHAPTER IV: SCHEMES WITHOUT ATONEMENT.

I. AFTER THE PENALTY.
1. Salvation Excluded.

2. Final Happiness not a Salvation.

3. Impossible in Endless Penalty.

II. IN SOVEREIGN FORGIVENESS.

1. An Assumption against Facts.

2. Contrary to Divine Government.

3. Subversive of all Government.

III. THROUGH REPENTANCE.

1. Repentance Necessary.

2. Only Kind Naturally Possible.

3. Such Repentance Inevitable.

4. Sin Unrealized.

5. True Repentance only by Grace.

IV. SPECIAL FACTS.

1. Forgiving one Another.

2. Parental Forgiveness.

3. Parable of the Prodigal Son.

CHAPTER V: THEORIES OF ATONEMENT.

I. PRELIMINARY.
1. Earlier Views.

2. Scientific Treatment.

3. Popular Number of Theories.

4. Scientific Enumeration.

5. Only two Theories.

II. SUMMARY REVIEW.

1. Theory of Vicarious Repentance.

2. Theory of Redemption by Love.

3. Self

4. Realistic Theory.

5. Mystical Theory.

6. Middle Theory.

7. Conditional Penal Substitution.

8. Three Leading Theories.

CHAPTER VI: THEORY OF MORAL INFLUENCE.

I. FACTS OF THE THEORY.
1. The Redemptive Law.

2. Socinian.

3. Its Dialectics.

4. Truth of Moral Influence.

II. ITS REFUTATION.

1. By the Fact of an Atonement.

2. By its Necessity.

3. By the Peculiar Saving Work of Christ.

4. Not a Theory of Atonement.

CHAPTER VII: THEORY OF SATISFACTION.

I. PREFATORY.
1. Position in Theology.

2. Formation.

3. Two Vicarious Factors.

4. Concerned with Penal Substitution.

II. ELEMENTS OF THE THEORY.

1. Satisfaction in Punishment.

2. By a Substitute in Penalty.

3. Three Senses of the Substitution.

(i) In Identical Penalty.

(ii) In Equal Penalty.

(iii) In Equivalent Penalty.

4. Absolute Substitution.

III. JUSTICE AND ATONEMENT.

1. Their Relation.

2. Distinctions of Justice.

(i) Commutative.

(ii) Distributive.

(iii) Public.

3. Punitive Justice and Satisfaction.

IV. PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY.

1. The Demerit of Sin.

2. A Divine Punitive Justice.

3. Sin Ought to be Punished.

4. Penal Satisfaction a Necessity of Justice.

5. The Determining Principle.

V. ANALYTIC TESTING OF THE THEORY.

1. Justice as Satisfiable.
(i) Mistake Easy.

(ii) Satisfiable only in Personality.

(iii) True of Divine Justice.

2. Question of Necessity for Penal Satisfaction.

3. No Necessity in Divine Disposition.

4. As Concerning the Divine Rectitude.

5. No Necessity of Divine Veracity.

6. No Necessity of Judicial Rectitude.

7. Elements of Punitive Satisfaction.

8. No Satisfaction in Mere Suffering.

9. Only Satisfaction in Punishing Sin.

10. Satisfaction by Substitution Impossible.

(i) The Satisfaction Necessary.

(ii) The Substitution Maintained.

(iii) No Answer to the Necessity.

(iv) No such Answer Possible.

11. The Theory Self-destructive

VI. FACTS OF THE THEORY IN OBJECTION.

1. The Punishment of Christ.

2. Redeemed Sinners Without Guilt.

3. A Limited Atonement.

4. Element of Commutative Justice.

CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNMENTAL THEORY.

I. PRELIMINARY FACTS.
1. Substitutional Atonement.

2. Conditional Substitution.

3. Substitution in Suffering.

4. The Grotian Theory.

5. The Consistent Arminian Theory.

II. PUBLIC JUSTICE.

1. Relation to Atonement.

2. One with Divine Justice.

3. One with Distributive Justice.

4. Ground of its Penalties.

5. End of its Penalties.

6. Remissibility of its Penalties.

7. Place for Atonement.

8. Nature of Atonement Determined.

III. THEORY AND NECESSITY FOR ATONEMENT.

1. An Answer to the Real Necessity.

2. Grounded in the Deepest Necessity.

3. Rectoral Value of Penalty.

4. Rectoral Value of Atonement.

5. Only Sufficient Atonement.

6. True Sense of Satisfaction.

IV. THEORY AND SCRIPTURE INTERPRETATION.

1. Terms of Divine Wrath.

2. Terms of Divine Righteousness.

3. Terms of Atonement.

4. Terms of Atoning Suffering.

V. THEORY AND SCRIPTURE FACTS.

1. Guilt of Redeemed Sinners.

2. Forgiveness in Justification.

3. Grace in Forgiveness.

4. Universality of Atonement.

5. Universal Overture of Grace.

6. Doctrinal Result.

7. Relation of Atonement to Childhood.

CHAPTER IX: SUFFICIENCY OF THE ATONEMENT.

I. THE HOLINESS OF CHRIST.
1. A Necessary Element.

2. Scripture View.

II. HIS GREATNESS.

1. An Element of Atoning Value.

2. An Infinite Value in Christ.

III. HIS VOLUNTARINESS.

1. A Necessary Fact.

2. Christ a Voluntary Substitute.

3. Atoning Value.

IV. HIS DIVINE SONSHIP.

1. Sense of Atoning Value.

2. Measure of Value.

(i) A Ground of the Father's Love.

(ii) A Revelation of his Love to Us.

V. HIS HUMAN BROTHERHOOD.

1. Mediation must Express an Interest.

2. The Principle in Atonement.

VI. HIS SUFFERING.

1. Extreme Views.

2. A Necessary Element.

3. An Infinite Sufficiency.

CHAPTER X: A LESSON FOR ALL INTELLIGENCES.

1. Atonement for Man Only.

2. Broader Relation to Moral Beings.

3. One Moral Constitution of All.

4. The same Moral Motivity in All.

5. The Cross a Power with All.

6. Higher Orders Interested in Redemption.

7. Universal Lordship of Christ.

8. Grandeur of the Atonement.

CHAPTER XI: OBJECTIONS TO THE ATONEMENT.

I. AN IRRATIONAL SCHEME.
1. A Pretentious Assumption.

2. Analogies of Providence.

II. A VIOLATION OF JUSTICE.

1. No Infringement of Rights.

2. Analogy of Vicarious Suffering.

3. Atonement Clear of Injustice.

4. Vantage-ground Against Moral Theory.

III. A RELEASEMENT FROM DUTY.

1. Fatal, if Valid.

2. Nugatory on a True Doctrine.

IV. AN ASPERSION OF DIVINE GOODNESS.

1. Reason of Law and Penalty.

2. No Aspersion of Goodness.

3. Divine Love Magnified.

CHAPTER XII: UNIVERSALITY OF THE ATONEMENT.

I. DETERMINING LAW OF EXTENT.
1. Intrinsic Sufficiency for All.

2. Divine Destination Determinative.

3. The True Inquiry.

II. PLEASURE OF THE FATHER.

1. Question of his Sovereignty.

2. In one Relation to All.

3. A Common State of Evil.

4. Voice of the Divine Perfections.

(i) Justice.

(ii) Holiness.

(iii) Wisdom.

(iv) Goodness.

III. PLEASURE OF THE SON.

1. Application of Preceding Facts.

2. Atoning Work the Same.

3. A Question of his Love.

IV. SCRIPTURE TESTIMONY.

1. Proof-texts for Limitation.

2. Proof-texts for Universality.

3. In Extent of the Evil of Sin.

4. The Great Commission.

(i) The Gospel for All.

(ii) Salvation the Privilege of All.

(iii) Saving Faith the Duty of All.

(iv) The Atonement for All.

V. FALLACIES OF LIMITATION.

1. Facts Admitted.

2. Inconsistent with the Divine Sincerity.

3. Sufficiency of Atonement in Vindication.

4. True Sense of Sufficiency.

5. Sufficiency only with Destination.

6. Limited in Satisfaction Scheme.

7. Only a Seeming Inconsistency.

8. Mixed State of Elect and Non-elect.

9. Secret and Preceptive Divine Will.

 

 

 

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